Conditionals

Programs need to make decisions. Conditionals let your code take different paths depending on whether something is true or false.

What you'll learn

• if, elif, and else blocks
• Comparison operators: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
• Combining conditions with and, or, not

Instructions

1. The starter code reads a numeric score from stdin.
2. Write a grading function that prints the letter grade:

• 90 and above → "A"
• 80–89 → "B"
• 70–79 → "C"
• 60–69 → "D"
• Below 60 → "F"

3. Also print "Passing" if the grade is D or above, otherwise "Failing".

Example output for input 85:

Score: 85
Grade: B
Passing

Key concepts

if/elif/else checks conditions top-to-bottom and runs the first one that's true:

if score >= 90:
    grade = "A"
elif score >= 80:
    grade = "B"
else:
    grade = "F"

Comparison operators produce True or False:

• == equal, != not equal
• < less than, > greater than
• <= less or equal, >= greater or equal

Logical operators combine conditions:

• and — both must be true
• or — at least one must be true
• not — flips true to false

Hints

• Use elif for the middle ranges — don't use a separate if for each.
• Indentation matters in Python. Each block under if/elif/else must be indented.
• The order of your elif checks matters — start from the highest threshold.